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1.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 20(6): 397-402, nov.-dic. 2013. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-706571

RESUMO

La pericarditis constrictiva es una entidad clínica que en ocasiones puede representar un reto diagnóstico. Teniendo en cuenta que la presentación clínica es usualmente la de una falla cardiaca derecha, es necesario hacer diagnóstico diferencial con otras entidades que puedan causar un cuadro clínico similar. El diagnóstico adecuado de la pericarditis constrictiva implica alta sospecha clínica e interpretación acertada de las ayudas diagnósticas. El objetivo de este artículo es abordar el diagnóstico hemodinámico de esta entidad describiendo los parámetros convencionales y aquellos afectados por la dinámica respiratoria, que cuentan con mayor sensibilidad y especificidad para este diagnóstico.


Constrictive pericarditis is a clinical entity that can be sometimes a diagnostic challenge. Given that the clinical presentation is usually that of a right heart failure, it is necessary to make a differential diagnosis with other entities that can cause a similar clinical picture. Proper diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis implies a high clinical suspicion with a correct interpretation of diagnostic aids. The aim of this article is to approach the hemodynamic diagnosis of this entity describing the conventional parameters and those affected by respiratory dynamics, which have higher sensitivity and specificity for this diagnosis.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pericardite , Revisão , Diagnóstico , Hemodinâmica
2.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 20(3): 154-160, mayo-jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-683034

RESUMO

En la actualidad las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la principal causa de muerte en los países industrializados y para 2020, lo serán en países en vía de desarrollo. El síndrome coronario agudo se caracteriza por la ruptura o erosión de una placa aterosclerótica que trae consigo grados variables de trombosis y embolización distal, que llevan a una disminución en la perfusión miocárdica. Posterior a la disrupción vascular, empieza un proceso de agregación, activación y adhesión plaquetaria que inicia la formación del trombo mural. Dado que el primer paso en la formación del trombo coronario involucra la activación y la agregación plaquetaria, el tratamiento con medicamentos antiplaquetarios es una de las piedras angulares del síndrome coronario agudo. La antiagregación dual con ácido acetil salicílico y un inhibidor del receptor P2Y12, hacen parte del manejo actual de los pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo y de aquellos sometidos a intervención coronaria percutánea. El clopidogrel es el inhibidor del receptor P2Y12 más utilizado; sin embargo, sus beneficios clínicos se ven limitados por varios factores que interfieren con la conversión del medicamento a su metabolito activo. Es por esto que recientemente se han desarrollado nuevos inhibidores del receptor P2Y12, como prasugrel y ticagrelor, con un efecto antiplaquetario más potente y mayores beneficios clínicos. Las actualizaciones recientes de las guías de manejo basadas en la evidencia los han incluido como parte del tratamiento de esta patología con un grado de recomendación incluso mayor que el de clopidogrel.


Currently, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in industrialized countries, and by 2020 they will be in developing countries. Acute coronary syndrome is characterized by the rupture or erosion of an atherosclerotic plaque that entails varying degrees of thrombosis and distal embolization, leading to a decrease in myocardial perfusion. Following vascular disruption begins a process of aggregation, platelet activation and adhesion starting the mural thrombus formation. As the first step in coronary thrombus formation involves activation and platelet aggregation, antiplatelet drug therapy is one of the cornerstones of acute coronary syndrome. The dual antiaggregation therapy with acetylsalicylic acid and a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor are part of the current management of patients with acute coronary syndrome and of those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Clopidogrel is the most used P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, but its clinical benefits are limited by several factors that interfere with the conversion of the drug to its active metabolite. This is why new P2Y12 receptor inhibitors such as prasugrel and ticagrelor, with more potent antiplatelet effect and greater clinical benefits have been recently developed. Recent updates of the management guidelines based on the evidence have included them as part of the treatment of this pathology with a degree of recommendation even greater than that of clopidogrel.


Assuntos
Síndrome Coronariana Aguda , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Infarto do Miocárdio
3.
Case Rep Crit Care ; 2013: 487801, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24804121

RESUMO

Carcinoid crisis is an infrequent and little-described complication of neuroendocrine tumors that can be life threatening. It may develop during induction of anesthesia, intraoperatively, during tumor manipulation and arterial embolization, or even spontaneously. The massive release of neuroendocrine substances can lead to potentially fatal complications. Somatostatin analogs inhibit the release of these substances and are the mainstay of treatment. The following case report describes a patient with reversible acute right-sided heart failure posterior to hepatic artery embolization.

4.
Case Rep Crit Care ; 2013: 856095, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24829831

RESUMO

Very late stent thrombosis is a rare and not-well-understood complication after bare metal stent implantation. It usually presents as an ST elevation acute coronary syndrome and it is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Pathophysiologic mechanisms are not well defined; nevertheless, recent studies have proposed a neoatherosclerotic process as the triggering mechanism. We present the case of a patient with bare metal very late stent thrombosis 12 years after implantation.

5.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 19(4): 184-191, jul.-ago. 2012. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-663771

RESUMO

La fibrilación auricular es la arritmia cardiaca sostenida más común y su prevalencia se duplica cada decenio por encima de los cincuenta años. Entretanto, las condiciones clínicas que más se asocian con ésta son la hipertensión arterial, la insuficiencia cardíaca, la enfermedad valvular cardíaca y la diabetes mellitus. Como complicaciones está la falla cardiaca, pero tal vez una de las peores son los eventos cardioembólicos, que ocurren aproximadamente en 4,5% de los pacientes no anticoagulados. El tratamiento antitrombótico con antagonistas de la vitamina K fue, durante más de cincuenta años, la única alternativa disponible, a pesar de sus múltiples limitaciones, las mismas que llevaron al desarrollo de nuevos fármacos anticoagulantes que disminuyen muchos de los problemas de los antagonistas de la vitamina K. Pueden agruparse en dos clases: inhibidores orales directos de la trombina e inhibidores orales del factor X activado. Tanto dabigatrán, rivaroxabán como apixabán, cuentan ya con estudios clínicos controlados aleatorizados que apoyan su uso en el tratamiento antitrombótico de la fibrilación auricular y recientemente se incluyeron en las guías basadas en la evidencia como alternativa (ACC) e incluso con un grado de recomendación superior (CCS, CHEST) al de los antagonistas de la vitamina K.


Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and its prevalence doubles every decade for people older than fifty years. Meanwhile, the clinical conditions most associated with it are hypertension, heart failure, valvular heart disease and diabetes mellitus. Complications include heart failure, but perhaps one of the worst ones are the stroke events, which occur in approximately 4.5% of not anticoagulated patients. Antithrombotic therapy with vitamin K antagonists was for over fifty years the only alternative available, despite its many limitations. These limitations led to the development of new anticoagulant drugs that reduce many of the problems of vitamin K antagonists. They fall into two classes: direct oral thrombin inhibitors and oral activated factor X inhibitors. Dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban, already rely on randomized controlled trials that support its use in antithrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation and were recently included in the evidence-based guidelines as an alternative (ACC) and even with a higher grade of recommendation (CCS, CHEST) to that of the the vitamin K antagonists.


Assuntos
Humanos , Fibrilação Atrial , Anticoagulantes , Medicina Baseada em Evidências
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